Regulatory Science Transparency: Assessment Of Environmental Protection Agency’s Proposed Rule on Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21423/JRS-V07MOGHISSIKeywords:
Environmental Protection Agency Transparency Rule, pivotal regulatory science, regulatory science transparency, best available regulatory science, controlled transparency, dose response, mathematical modelAbstract
In its proposed rule, Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires transparency in certain areas of regulatory science. The proposed rule mandates public access to the details of studies that address dose response and models. This paper is the result of a study conducted by graduate students at Georgetown University. The study relied upon a specific process for selecting a small number from an exceptionally large number of responses to study the subject. The evaluation of the responses was largely based on Best Available Regulatory Science (BARS) and Metrics for Evaluation of Regulatory Science Claims derived from BARS. The results of the study indicate that opposition to the EPA's proposed rule is largely based on the claim that its implementation would eliminate key studies that contain confidential data from consideration during the regulatory process. Although the proposed rule would allow exemptions from the public access requirements, there is opposition to making exemptions available at the discretion of the EPA Administrator. The study concluded that a regulatory science process called "controlled transparency" would be a reasonable solution to compliance with transparency requirements while protecting confidential information.
https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v07moghissi
References
Addington, D. S. (2018, May 29). Comment submitted by David Addington, Senior Vice President, General Counsel, National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-0843
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. (2018, August 21). Comment submitted by Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6162
American Lung Association. (2018, August 28). Mass Comment Campaign sponsored by American Lung Association et al. on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6455
Bailey, M. A. (2018, August 15). Comment submitted by M. Bailey on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6098
Batchelder, E. (2018, June 4). Comment submitted by E. Batchelder on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1397
Berg, J., Campbell, P., Kiermer, V., Raikhel, N. & Sweet, D. (2018). Joint statement on EPA proposed rule and public availability of data Science. emph{Science, 360}. doi: 10.1126/science.aau0116
Boult, T. E. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by T. E. Boult on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2477
Brainard, J. (2018). Rethinking retractions. Science, 362, 390-393. doi: 10.1126/science.362.6413.390
Branch, K. (2018, July 9). Comment submitted by K. Branch on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4482
Buchanan, S. (2018, June 18). Comment submitted by Susan Buchanan, MD, MPH, Director, Great Lakes Center for Children's Environmental Health on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2977
Buchta, W. G. (2018, July 17). Comment submitted by William G. Buchta, MD, MPH, FACOEM President, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4589
Caldie, C. (2018, June 18). Comment submitted by C. Caldie on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-3071
Chiu, W. A. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by Weihsueh A. Chiu, PhD, Professor, Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1949
Coons, C., Merkley, J. A., Smith, T., Shaheen, J., Markey, E. J., Durbin, R. J., . . . Sanders, B. (2018, August 28). Comment submitted by Christopher A. Coons, Senator, United States Senate et al. on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6863
Cure Alzheimers Fund. (2018, August 31). Anonymous public comment on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-8826
D'Angelo, W. J. & Green, J. J. (2018, August 7). Comment submitted by Wayne J. D'Angelo and Joseph J. Green, Kelley Drye & Warren LLP, Counsel, Steel Manufacturers Association (SMA) and Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5171
Demetri, G. D. & Foti, M. (2018, August 23). Comment submitted by George D. Demetri, Chair and Margaret Foti, Chief Executive Officer, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6357
DePaulo, W. V. (2018, May 30). Comment submitted by William V. DePaulo, Esq., Keeper of the Mountains Foundation (KOTM) and People Concerned About Chemical Safety, INC. (PCACS) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree with concerns]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2169
Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., . . . Speizer, F. E. (1993). An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1753-1759. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199312093292401
Dunn, J. D. (2018, July 6). Comment submitted by J. D. Dunn on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4430
Epstein, M. (2018, June 19). Comment submitted by Dr. M. Epstein on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-3076
Falxa, G. A. (2018, June 4). Comment submitted by G. A. Falxa on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1461
Faust, D. G. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by Drew Gilpin Faust, Office of the President, Harvard University on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2431
Ferrara, P. & Dunn, J. D. (2018, July 11). Comment submitted by Peter Ferrara, Senior Fellow and John Dale Dunn, Policy Advisor, The Heartland Institute on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4541
Frey, B. (2018, July 9). Comment submitted by B. Frey on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4487
Geltman, E. A. G. (2018, July 23). Comment submitted by Elizabeth Ann Glass Geltman, Professor, Environmental Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY) School of Public Health on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4848
Goldman, L. R. (2018, August 2). Comment submitted by L. Goldman on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5119
Graul, F. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by Faye Graul, Executive Director, Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance (HSIA) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1944
Gropp, R. (2018, July 13). Comment submitted by Robert Gropp, PhD, Co-Executive Director, American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4594
Hemker, K. J. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by Kevin J. Hemker, President, The Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society (TMS) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1943
Herring, A. H. (2018, June 7). Comment submitted by Amy H. Herring, Professor of Statistical Science & Global Health, Co-Director, Duke Center for Health Data in Action on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2548
Hisao, G. S. (2018, August 10). Comment submitted by G. S. Hisao on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5580
Jaggar, K. (2018, July 23). Comment submitted by Karuna Jaggar, Executive Director, Breast Cancer Action (BCAction) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4836
Johnson, E. B. (2018, May 30). Comment submitted by Eddie Bernice Johnson, Ranking Member, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, Congress of the United States House of Representatives on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1012
Kennedy, R. F. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by Ronald F. Kennedy, Director of Governmental Relation, New York State Bar Association Section of Environmental and Energy Law (SEEL) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2337
Kirkland, K. H. (2018, May 24). Comment submitted by Katherine H. Kirkland, Executive Director, Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-0566
Kohlasch, F. & Kelly, J. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by Frank Kohlasch, Manager, Air Assessment and Analysis, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and James Kelly, M. S., Manager, Environmental Surveillance & Assessment, Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2171
Kraft, C. A. & Hollier, L. M. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by Colleen A. Kraft MD, FAAP, President, CAK/avg, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and Lisa M. Hollier, MD, MPH, FACOG President, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2425
Kurtz, L. (2018, May 8). Comment submitted by Lauren Kurtz, Executive Director, Climate Science Legal Defense Fund (CSLDF) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-0024
Kyle, A. D. (2018, August 30). Comment submitted by A. D. Kyle on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-8663
Langdon, J. (2018, June 21). Comment submitted by J. Langdon on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-3343
Langman, M. M. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by Mary M. Langman, Medical Library Association (MLA) and Association of Academic Health Science Libraries (AAHSL) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1796
Le, V. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by Vi Le, University of Washington on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2429
Lee, M. (2018, August 31). Comment submitted by Michel Lee, Organization: Promoting Health and Sustainable Energy (PHASE) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-8913
Lockwood, A. H. (2018, August 10). Comment submitted by Alan H Lockwood, MD, Board of Director, Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5656
Lurie, P. (2018, July 31). Comment submitted by Peter Lurie, MD, President, Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5022
Mandel, S. (2018, May 23). Comment submitted by Susan Mandel, MD, MPH, President, Endocrine Society on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-0559
McCabe, D. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by Dr. David C. McCabe, Senior Scientist, Clean Air Task Force on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2427
McEntee, C. (2018, May 11). Comment submitted by Christine McEntee, Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer, American Geophysical Union (AGU) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-0061
McNutt, M. (2018, July 16). Comment submitted by Marcia McNutt, President, National Academy of Sciences, et al. on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science. Retrieved from http://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4831
Mehan, T., III. (2018, August 7). Comment submitted by G. Tracy Mehan, III, Executive Director, Government Affairs, American Water Works Association (AWWA) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree with concerns]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5175
Mercier, C. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by Chris Mercier, Tribal Council Vice Chair, Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree with concerns]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2170
Moghissi, A. A., Calderone, R. A., McBride, D. K., & Jaeger, L. M. (2017). Innovation in Regulatory Science: Metrics for Evaluation of Regulatory Science Claims Based on Best Available Regulatory Science. Journal of Regulatory Science, 5(1), 50-58. doi: 10.21423/jrs-v05n01p050
Moghissi, A. A., Straja, S. R., Love, B. R., McBride, D. K., & Stough, R. R. (2014). Innovation in Regulatory Science: Evolution of a New Scientific Discipline. Technology and Innovation, 16(2), 155-165. doi: 10.3727/194982414X14096821477027
Morenz, L. L. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by L. Lundergan Morenz on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2471
Naas, L. A. B. (2018, June 11). Comment submitted by Leigh Ann Burns Naas, President, Academy of Toxicological Sciences (ATS) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4540
Nabahe, W. J. (2019, August 17). Comment submitted by Wifred J. Nabahe, Chairman, National Tribal Air Association (NTAA) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6116
Nabahe, W. J. (2019, September 11). Comment submitted by Wilfred J. Nabahe, Chairman, National Tribal Air Association (NTAA) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-9242
Nadkarni, R. (2018, July 9). Comment submitted by R. Nadkarni on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4480
National Center for Science Education. (2018, August 9). Comment submitted by National Center for Science Education on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5420
National Resources Defense Council. (2018, October 5). Comment submitted by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) (Part 1 of 7) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-9293
Nebert, D. W. (2018, August 15). Comment submitted by D. W. Nebert on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6045
Paciorek, C. (2018, June 4). Comment submitted by C. Paciorek on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1420
Pecnik, R. (2018, September 9). Comment submitted by Richard Pecnik, Regulatory Affairs, Gernatt Asphalt Products, Inc. on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-9223
Pennoyer, M. A. (2018, August 13). Comment submitted by M. A. Pennoyer on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5998
Perdue, S. B. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by Stephanie Bergeron Perdue, Interim Executive Director, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree with concerns]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2426
Pierno, T. (2018, June 13). Comment submitted by Theresa Pierno, President, Chief Executive Officer, National Parks Conservation Association on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2909
Pierotti, A. L. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by Dr. Pierotti on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2449
Pope, C. A., Ezzati, M., & Dockery, D. W. (2009). Fine-Particulate Air Pollution and Life Expectancy in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 376-386. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa0805646
Pressman, S. (2018, September 7). Comment submitted by S. Pressman on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-9209
Reichel, W. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by W. Reichel on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2146
Richmond, D. (2018, June 6). Comment submitted by D Richmond on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2480
Ruane, T. P. (2018, September 11). Comment submitted by T. Peter Ruane, President & Chief Executive Officer, American Road & Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-9243
Russ, A. & Schaeffer, E. (2018, August 16). Comment submitted by Abel Russ, Senior Counsel, and Eric Schaeffer, Executive Director, Environmental Integrity Project on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6447
Schatz, T. A. (2018, May 25). Comment submitted by Thomas A. Schatz, President, Citizens Against Government Waste (CAGW) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-0844
Schlesinger, W. H. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by William H. Schlesinger, President Emeritus, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2190
Snyder, T. (2018, June 18). Comment submitted by T. Snyder on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-3048
Stewart, S. D. (2019, June 4). Comment submitted by S. D. Stewart on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1437
Stine, J. L. & Malcolm, J. (2018, July 6). Comment submitted by John Linc Stine, Commissioner, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and Jan Malcolm, Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4410
Streitz, W. D. (2018, May 8). Comment submitted by Wendy D. Streitz, Executive Director, Research Policy Analysis & Coordination, University of California (UC) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-0027
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2018). Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science, 83 FR 18768. Retrieved from https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/04/30/2018-09078/strengthening-transparency-in-regulatory-science
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2011, August). Advancing Regulatory Science at FDA: A Strategic Plan. Retrieved from www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/Specialtopics/RegulatoryScience/ucm267719.htm
Vision, T. J. (2018, June 5). Comment submitted by T. J. Vision on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree with concerns]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-2234
Wagner, W., Fisher, E., & Pascual, P. (2018). Whose science? A new area in regulatory "science wars". Science, 362, 636-639. doi: 10.1126/science.aau3205
Walz, B. A. (2018, August 21). Comment submitted by Barbara A. Walz, Senior Vice President, Policy and Compliance, Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. (Tri-State) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-6155
White, K. (2018, August 28). Comment submitted by K. White on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-7116
Witherspoon, N. O. (2018, July 18). Comment submitted by Nsedu Obot Witherspoon, MPH, Executive Director, Children's Environmental Health Network (CEHN) on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-4597
Wood, S. F. (2018, May 14). Comment submitted by Susan F. Wood, PhD, Executive Director, Jacobs Institute of Women's Health on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Agree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-0063
Yamamoto, A. J. (2018, May 30). Comment submitted by Andrew J. Yamamoto, Esq., Editor and Scott D. Pinsky, Esq. Environmental Law Editor, InternationalMosaic.com on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-1037
Yamamoto, A. J. & Pinsky, S. D. (2018, August 13). Comment submitted by Andrew J. Yamamoto, Esq., Editor and Scott D. Pinsky, Esq., Environmental Law Editor, InternationalMosaic.com on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-5995
Zarembka, A. (2018, August 30). Comment submitted by A. Zarembka on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-8655
Zirasri, R. (2018, Aug 22). Comment submitted by R. Zirasri on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Rule: Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science [Disagree]. Retrieved from https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2018-0259-9291
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Regulatory Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
By submitting content to the Journal of Regulatory Science (JRS), authors agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the JRS the right of first publication. Authors retain patent, trademark, and other intellectual property rights (including research data) and grant third parties the right to use, reproduce, and share the article according to the Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International — CC BY-NC 4.0 license agreement. The JRS is an open access journal and, as a result, articles are free to use with proper acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process.
- If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article.
- The publication of the submission has been approved by all co-authors and responsible authorities at the institute or organization where the work has been carried out.
- Copyright has not been breached in seeking publication of the submission.
